| Authors | DR.HUSNA SULTANA |
|---|---|
| Article Type | Research Article |
| Language | English |
| Journal | North Asian International Research Journal of Sciences, Engineering & I.T. |
| ISSN | 2454-7514 |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 34-39 |
| Publication Year | 2025 |
| Publication Date | January 01, 2025 |
| DOI URL | https://doiglobal.org/10.2025/NAIRJCSEIT.003 |
Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved from a largely theoretical effort to reproduce selected forms of human reasoning into a broad technological field that supports perception, language, prediction, planning, creativity, and autonomous action. This paper reviews the conceptual foundations of AI, the historical transition from symbolic systems to data-driven learning, the enabling role of deep neural networks and transformer architectures, and the growing use of AI in health care, education, finance, agriculture, manufacturing, public administration, and scientific research. It also examines persistent limitations, including dependence on data quality, bias, opacity, hallucination, cybersecurity exposure, concentration of computational power, and environmental cost. The paper argues that the future value of AI will depend not only on higher model capability but also on governance, human oversight, transparency, evaluation, and equitable access. Amultidisciplinary approach is therefore required so that AI augments human judgment rather than displacing responsibility
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DOI: 10.2025/NAIRJCSEIT.003
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North Asian International Research Journal of Sciences, Engineering & I.T.
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