Article Information

Authors GEETHA J.R.
Article Type Research Article
Language English
Journal North Asian International Research Journal of Business Economics & Management
ISSN 2277-1018
Volume 9
Issue 6
Pages 1-4
Publication Year 2025
Publication Date June 01, 2025
DOI URL https://doiglobal.org/10.2025/NAIRJCBEM.024

Abstract

India has expanded both accesses to financial accounts and the infrastructure for low cost digital payments. This paper examines whether wider access can translate into meaningful financial inclusion for women. It synthesizes published evidence from the World Bank Global Findex, the Reserve Bank of India, and research on digital public infrastructure. Asimple economic framework distinguishes account ownership, regular use, control over transactions, and access to savings and credit. The evidence shows substantial growth in account ownership and payment infrastructure, while inactivity, uneven digital access, and constraints on agency remain. Payment technology can lower transaction costs, but its benefits depend on reliable connectivity, digital skills, consumer protection, and women’s control over devices and income. The paper proposes a measurement and policy agenda centered on effective use rather than registrations alone

Keywords

financial inclusion digital payments women India UPI digital public infrastructure

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DOI: 10.2025/NAIRJCBEM.024

References

1. Alonso, C., Bhojwani, T., Hanedar, E., Prihardini, D., Uña, G., & Zhabska, K. (2023). Stacking up the benefits: Lessons from India’s digital journey (IMF Working Paper 23/78). International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/03/31/stacking-up-the-benefits-lessons-from-indias-digital-journey-5316922. Klapper, L., Miller, M., & Hess, J. (2022). The Global Findex Database 2021: India country brief. World Bank. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/4c4fe6db0fd7a7521a70a39ac518d74b-0050062022/original/Findex2021-India-Country-Brief.pdf
3. Reserve Bank of India (RBI). (2020). National strategy for financial inclusion 2019–2024. https://www.rbi.org.in/commonman/Upload/English/Content/PDFs/English_16042021.pdf
4. Reserve Bank of India (RBI). (2024). Report on currency and finance 2023–24: Trends in digital payments. https://rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=22459

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GEETHA J.R. (2025). DIGITAL PAYMENTS AND WOMEN’S FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA. North Asian International Research Journal of Business Economics & Management. DOI: https://doiglobal.org/10.2025/NAIRJCBEM.024

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