| Authors | DR.MAHADEV D UDAYAGIRI |
|---|---|
| Article Type | Research Article |
| Language | English |
| Journal | North Asian International Research Journal of Sciences, Engineering & I.T. |
| ISSN | 2454-7514 |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 16-32 |
| Publication Year | 2024 |
| Publication Date | February 01, 2024 |
| DOI URL | https://doiglobal.org/10.2024/NAIRJCSEIT.002 |
Transition metal complexes have emerged as an important class of compounds in coordination chemistry due to their remarkable structural diversity and wide-ranging applications in medicine, catalysis, environmental science, and materials engineering. Among various ligands used for complex formation, Schiff base ligands have received considerable attention because of their ease of synthesis, excellent coordination ability, and diverse biological properties. The presence of donor atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur enables Schiff bases to form stable complexes with transition metal ions, resulting in compounds with enhanced physicochemical and biological characteristics. In recent years, the synthesis of transition metal complexes derived from Schiff bases has become an active area of research owing to their potential applications as antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory agents. The present study reviews the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and biological evaluation of selected transition metal complexes containing Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), and Mn(II) ions coordinated with Schiff base ligands. Conventional synthetic methods involving condensation reactions followed by complexation with hydrated metal salts are discussed. Structural characterization techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Mass Spectrometry, Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), magnetic susceptibility measurements, and elemental analysis, are highlighted for confirming the composition and geometry of the synthesized complexes. Biological studies reported in the literature demonstrate that metal complexation significantly enhances the pharmacological potential of Schiff base ligands through the chelation effect, which increases lipophilicity and facilitates interaction with biological macromolecules such as proteins and DNA. Copper(II) complexes generally exhibit superior antibacterial and anticancer activities, while zinc(II) complexes are associated with lower toxicity and favorable biocompatibility. The review concludes that Schiff base transition metal complexes represent promising candidates for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Future research should focus on computational drug design, molecular docking, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, and in vivo investigations to accelerate the clinical translation of these compounds.
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DOI: 10.2024/NAIRJCSEIT.002
Journal:
North Asian International Research Journal of Sciences, Engineering & I.T.
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DOIGLOBAL
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