| Authors | DR. SUJATHA |
|---|---|
| Article Type | Research Article |
| Language | English |
| Journal | North Asian International Research Journal of Social Science & Humanities |
| ISSN | 2454-9827 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 9 |
| Pages | 13-20 |
| Publication Year | 2026 |
| Publication Date | September 01, 2026 |
| DOI URL | https://doiglobal.org/10.2026/NAIRJCSSH.014 |
Foreign trade in ancient India developed through linked land and maritime networks rather than a single route or period. This paper examines the early historic era, especially c. 300 BCE–500 CE, through the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, archaeological evidence from port sites, and recent historical scholarship. Indian textiles, pepper, pearls, precious stones, and other products moved through Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal circuits, while metals, wine, and other goods entered Indian markets. Monsoon navigation, inland production networks, coastal intermediaries, and merchants from several regions made this exchange possible. The surviving evidence is uneven: a Mediterranean account describes selected ports in detail, whereas material finds reveal more complex and longer lived local histories. Foreign commerce contributed to port growth and cultural contact, but cannot alone explain ancient India’s economy.
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DOI: 10.2026/NAIRJCSSH.014
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North Asian International Research Journal of Social Science & Humanities
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