| Authors | HANUMANTHA RAJU N AND R. P. SHARMA |
|---|---|
| Article Type | Review Article |
| Language | English |
| Journal | North Asian International Research Journal of Sciences, Engineering & I.T. |
| ISSN | 2454-7514 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Pages | 1-7 |
| Publication Year | 2026 |
| Publication Date | August 01, 2026 |
| DOI URL | https://doiglobal.org/10.2026/NAIRJCSEIT.001 |
The electrical conductivity structure of the Earth's interior provides fundamental information about its composition, tectonic evolution, geothermal processes, and mineral resources. Among various geophysical techniques, the magnetotelluric (MT) method has emerged as one of the most reliable passive electromagnetic methods for investigating conductivity variations from shallow crustal regions to the upper mantle. The method utilizes naturally occurring geomagnetic micropulsations generated by interactions between the solar wind, magnetosphere, and ionosphere to estimate subsurface electrical conductivity. This review presents the theoretical foundations of magnetotelluric investigations, emphasizing the relationship between Earth's electric currents and geomagnetic field variations. Maxwell's equations governing electromagnetic induction are discussed together with the concepts of vertical conductivity profiling, skin depth, layered Earth models, and conductivity discontinuities. The influence of coastal effects and lateral conductivity contrasts on magnetic field variations is also reviewed. The paper highlights the importance of magnetotelluric techniques in crustal investigations, geothermal exploration, mineral prospecting, tectonic studies, and lithospheric characterization. Future developments involving three-dimensional inversion, integrated geophysical modelling, and computational advances are briefly discussed.
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DOI: 10.2026/NAIRJCSEIT.001
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North Asian International Research Journal of Sciences, Engineering & I.T.
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