| Authors | DR. NEELAKANTH S. WALI & DR. VISHWAJIT B DAREKAR |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Journal | North Asian International Research Journal of Sciences, Engineering & I.T. |
| ISSN | 2454-7514 |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue | 11 |
| Pages | 8-25 |
| Publication Year | 2025 |
| Publication Date | November 01, 2025 |
| DOI URL | https://doiglobal.org/10.2025/NAIRJCSEIT.002 |
Animal pollination is a fundamental ecological process supporting the reproduction of numerous flowering plants and contributing to the maintenance of terrestrial biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and agricultural production. Although bees are among the most recognised pollinators, a wide variety of animals—including butterflies, moths, flies, beetles, wasps, birds, and bats—participate in pollination. Increasing scientific attention has focused on declines or distributional changes in some pollinator populations and the multiple environmental pressures that can contribute to them. Habitat destruction and fragmentation, agricultural intensification, pesticide exposure, pathogens and parasites, invasive species, climate change, nutritional limitations, and interactions among these factors may affect pollinator survival, reproduction, behaviour, and community composition. The present review examines animal pollination from a zoological perspective, with particular emphasis on the diversity, biology, ecological functions, and conservation of bees, butterflies, and other pollinating animals. It analyses the major drivers of pollinator decline and considers consequences for plant reproduction, food webs, genetic exchange among plant populations, ecosystem stability, and agricultural systems. The paper also examines the importance of floral diversity, nesting habitat, ecological corridors, reduced pesticide exposure, restoration, long-term monitoring, citizen science, and integrated conservation planning. Pollinator conservation requires approaches that recognise the diversity of pollinating species rather than concentrating exclusively on a single domesticated or commercially important species. Effective management should protect feeding resources, breeding and nesting sites, seasonal habitat requirements, and landscape connectivity. Zoological research has a central role in identifying population trends, behavioural responses, physiological stress, species interactions, and conservation priorities. Protecting pollinator diversity is therefore an important component of broader biodiversity conservation and sustainable ecosystem management.
Total Views
Total Downloads
Publication Year
DOI Status
This scholarly article has been successfully registered and assigned a persistent DOI through DOIGLOBAL.
DOI: 10.2025/NAIRJCSEIT.002
Journal:
North Asian International Research Journal of Sciences, Engineering & I.T.
DOI Provider:
DOIGLOBAL
This scholarly record is permanently registered through DOIGLOBAL DOI Infrastructure and remains accessible using its persistent DOI identifier.